Beta-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide is used as a coenzyme in REDOX reactions, as a donor of the ribose portion of ADP in the ribosylation of ADP, and as a precursor of the second messenger molecule cyclic ADP ribose. Beta-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotides also act as substrates for bacterial DNA ligases and a group of enzymes called sirtuins that use NAD+ to remove acetyl groups from proteins (reference to related literature)
